"bestayle" meaning in Middle English

See bestayle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /bɛˈstæi̯l(ə)/, /ˈbɛstal(ə)/, /bɛː-/
Etymology: Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bestaile or Middle French bestail, bestaille, from Late Latin bēstiālia, from bēstiālis (“bestial”). First attested in the enm, but in common usage only as of c. 1350. Some forms are influenced by the suffix -al, while others are remodelled on the Middle French collaterial form bestial or the adjective bestial. Etymology templates: {{bor+|enm|xno|bestaile}} Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bestaile, {{bor|enm|frm|bestail}} Middle French bestail, {{der|enm|la-lat|bēstiālia}} Late Latin bēstiālia, {{etydate|enm|c|1350}} First attested in the enm, but in common usage only as of c. 1350 Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|var=}} bestayle, {{enm-noun|-}} bestayle (uncountable) Forms: beestale [alternative], bestaile [alternative], bestaille [alternative], bestall [alternative], bestal [alternative], bestall [alternative], bestalle [alternative], bestaylle [alternative], bestiall [alternative], bestaill [alternative], bestel [alternative], beestaile [alternative]
  1. livestock, cattle Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-bestayle-enm-noun-ucW6kx2l Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Livestock

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bestial"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "bestiall"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "bestaile"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bestaile",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "bestail"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French bestail",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "bēstiālia"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "c",
        "3": "1350"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the enm, but in common usage only as of c. 1350",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bestaile or Middle French bestail, bestaille, from Late Latin bēstiālia, from bēstiālis (“bestial”). First attested in the enm, but in common usage only as of c. 1350.\nSome forms are influenced by the suffix -al, while others are remodelled on the Middle French collaterial form bestial or the adjective bestial.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "beestale",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestaile",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestaille",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestal",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestalle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestaylle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestiall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestaill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beestaile",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bestayle",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "bestayle (uncountable)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Livestock",
          "orig": "enm:Livestock",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "livestock, cattle"
      ],
      "id": "en-bestayle-enm-noun-ucW6kx2l",
      "links": [
        [
          "livestock",
          "livestock"
        ],
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɛˈstæi̯l(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛstal(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɛː-/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bestayle"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bestial"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "bestiall"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "bestaile"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bestaile",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "bestail"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French bestail",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "bēstiālia"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "c",
        "3": "1350"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the enm, but in common usage only as of c. 1350",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bestaile or Middle French bestail, bestaille, from Late Latin bēstiālia, from bēstiālis (“bestial”). First attested in the enm, but in common usage only as of c. 1350.\nSome forms are influenced by the suffix -al, while others are remodelled on the Middle French collaterial form bestial or the adjective bestial.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "beestale",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestaile",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestaille",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestal",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestalle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestaylle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestiall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestaill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beestaile",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bestayle",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "bestayle (uncountable)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English nouns",
        "Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
        "Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
        "Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
        "Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
        "Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
        "Middle English uncountable nouns",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "enm:Livestock"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "livestock, cattle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "livestock",
          "livestock"
        ],
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɛˈstæi̯l(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛstal(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɛː-/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bestayle"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bestayle meaning in Middle English (2.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.